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##### Monophthongs
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Monophthongs have a general trend towards being open, sitting at the bottom of the mouth, save for the schwa which is central. All of these sounds are similar to the single /a/ phoneme found in other languages, such as Japanese, in for example kamikaze's /ˌkæmɪˈkɑːzi/ (also ⟨/qa/mikaze⟩ (2)) and viceversa. Also visible in taco, parmesan, aficionado, etc.
~ /æ/
¥⟨/qa/t⟩ (48), ⟨/qa/ptain⟩ (18), ⟨/qa/pitans⟩ (4), /qa/ng (7) [both gang and kang], ⟨/qa/ncer⟩ (136), ⟨/qa/ggot⟩ (68)Extremely straightforward, basically THE a-sound anyone first thinks of, it's not even necessary to provide a transcription. All closed and stressed syllables.
~ /ɑ, ɒ/
¥⟨/qa/mrade⟩ (17), ⟨/qa/id⟩ (9), ⟨/qa/di⟩ (6)I'm here bunching together the PALM and LOT/LOCK vowels, which are free and checked respectively, regardless of length because of the father-bother merger affecting a great deal of dialects, which has combined the two into an unrounded /ɑ/ that is actually moved quite a bit forward in many cases. It's
rather complicated, this video explains it alongside another intersecting merger:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sALAE6iqLWkMoving on,
comrade starts with /kɒm-, kɑːm-/, depending on the dialect (like
calm). The other two words are rather obscure Arabic terms, the first one (also written as
caïd) has a hiatus in the middle as it's actually pronounced /kɑːˈiːd/ or /ˈkɑː.ɪd/, while
qadi is simply /ˈkɑːdi/.
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